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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Exchange ActiveSync</span></span>
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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="ActiveSync" title="ActiveSync">ActiveSync</a>.</div>
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</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="Internet_protocol_suite" title="Internet protocol suite">Internet protocol suite</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">
<a href="Application_layer" title="Application layer">Application layer</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<ul><li><a href="Border_Gateway_Protocol" title="Border Gateway Protocol">BGP</a></li>
<li><a href="Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol" title="Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol">DHCP</a> (<a href="DHCPv6" title="DHCPv6">v6</a>)</li>
<li><a href="Domain_Name_System" title="Domain Name System">DNS</a></li>
<li><a href="File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">FTP</a></li>
<li><a href="HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a> (<a href="HTTP/3" title="HTTP/3">HTTP/3</a>)</li>
<li><a href="HTTPS" title="HTTPS">HTTPS</a></li>
<li><a href="Internet_Message_Access_Protocol" title="Internet Message Access Protocol">IMAP</a></li>
<li><a href="Internet_Printing_Protocol" title="Internet Printing Protocol">IPP</a></li>
<li><a href="IRC" title="IRC">IRC</a></li>
<li><a href="Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol" title="Lightweight Directory Access Protocol">LDAP</a></li>
<li><a href="Media_Gateway_Control_Protocol" title="Media Gateway Control Protocol">MGCP</a></li>
<li><a href="MQTT" title="MQTT">MQTT</a></li>
<li><a href="Network_News_Transfer_Protocol" title="Network News Transfer Protocol">NNTP</a></li>
<li><a href="Network_Time_Protocol" title="Network Time Protocol">NTP</a></li>
<li><a href="Open_Shortest_Path_First" title="Open Shortest Path First">OSPF</a></li>
<li><a href="Post_Office_Protocol" title="Post Office Protocol">POP</a></li>
<li><a href="Precision_Time_Protocol" title="Precision Time Protocol">PTP</a></li>
<li><a href="Open_Network_Computing_Remote_Procedure_Call" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Network Computing Remote Procedure Call">ONC/RPC</a></li>
<li><a href="Real-time_Transport_Protocol" title="Real-time Transport Protocol">RTP</a></li>
<li><a href="Real-Time_Streaming_Protocol" title="Real-Time Streaming Protocol">RTSP</a></li>
<li><a href="Routing_Information_Protocol" title="Routing Information Protocol">RIP</a></li>
<li><a href="Session_Initiation_Protocol" title="Session Initiation Protocol">SIP</a></li>
<li><a href="Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol" title="Simple Mail Transfer Protocol">SMTP</a></li>
<li><a href="Simple_Network_Management_Protocol" title="Simple Network Management Protocol">SNMP</a></li>
<li><a href="Secure_Shell" title="Secure Shell">SSH</a></li>
<li><a href="Telnet" title="Telnet">Telnet</a></li>
<li><a href="Transport_Layer_Security" title="Transport Layer Security">TLS/SSL</a></li>
<li><a href="XMPP" title="XMPP">XMPP</a></li>
<li><i>more...</i></li></ul></td>
</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">
<a href="Transport_layer" title="Transport layer">Transport layer</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<ul><li><a href="Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">TCP</a></li>
<li><a href="User_Datagram_Protocol" title="User Datagram Protocol">UDP</a></li>
<li><a href="Datagram_Congestion_Control_Protocol" title="Datagram Congestion Control Protocol">DCCP</a></li>
<li><a href="Stream_Control_Transmission_Protocol" title="Stream Control Transmission Protocol">SCTP</a></li>
<li><a href="Resource_Reservation_Protocol" title="Resource Reservation Protocol">RSVP</a></li>
<li><a href="QUIC" title="QUIC">QUIC</a></li>
<li><i>more...</i></li></ul></td>
</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">
<a href="Internet_layer" title="Internet layer">Internet layer</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<ul><li><a href="Internet_Protocol" title="Internet Protocol">IP</a>
<ul><li><a href="IPv4" title="IPv4">v4</a></li>
<li><a href="IPv6" title="IPv6">v6</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Internet_Control_Message_Protocol" title="Internet Control Message Protocol">ICMP</a> (<a href="ICMPv6" title="ICMPv6">v6</a>)</li>
<li><a href="Neighbor_Discovery_Protocol" title="Neighbor Discovery Protocol">NDP</a></li>
<li><a href="Explicit_Congestion_Notification" title="Explicit Congestion Notification">ECN</a></li>
<li><a href="Internet_Group_Management_Protocol" title="Internet Group Management Protocol">IGMP</a></li>
<li><a href="IPsec" title="IPsec">IPsec</a></li>
<li><i>more...</i></li></ul></td>
</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">
<a href="Link_layer" title="Link layer">Link layer</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<ul><li><a href="Address_Resolution_Protocol" title="Address Resolution Protocol">ARP</a></li>
<li><a href="Tunneling_protocol" title="Tunneling protocol">Tunnels</a></li>
<li><a href="Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol">PPP</a></li>
<li><a href="Medium_access_control" title="Medium access control">MAC</a></li>
<li><i>more...</i></li></ul></td>
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<p><b>Exchange ActiveSync</b> (commonly known as <b>EAS</b>) is a <a href="Proprietary_protocol" title="Proprietary protocol">proprietary protocol</a> by <a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, designed for the synchronization of <a href="Email" title="Email">email</a>, contacts, calendar, tasks, and notes from a messaging <a href="Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">server</a> to a <a href="Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphone</a> or other <a href="Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">mobile devices</a>. The protocol also provides <a href="Mobile_device_management" title="Mobile device management">mobile device management</a> and <a href="Group_Policy" title="Group Policy">policy controls</a>. The protocol is based on <a href="XML" title="XML">XML</a>. The mobile device communicates over <a href="HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a> or <a href="HTTPS" title="HTTPS">HTTPS</a>.
</p>
<meta property="mw:PageProp/toc">
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2></div>
<p>Originally branded as AirSync and only supporting <a href="Microsoft_Exchange_Server" title="Microsoft Exchange Server">Microsoft Exchange Servers</a> and <a href="Pocket_PC" title="Pocket PC">Pocket PC</a> devices, Microsoft now licenses the technology widely for synchronization between <a href="Groupware" class="mw-redirect" title="Groupware">groupware</a> and mobile devices in a number of competing collaboration platforms, including:
</p>
<ul><li><a href="GroupWise" title="GroupWise">GroupWise</a> with the <a href="Novell" title="Novell">Novell</a> GroupWise Mobility Services software,</li>
<li><a href="Lotus_Notes" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus Notes">Lotus Notes</a> with <a href="IBM_Notes_Traveler" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM Notes Traveler">IBM Notes Traveler</a>,</li>
<li><a href="Mailsite" title="Mailsite">Mailsite</a>,</li>
<li><a href="MDaemon" title="MDaemon">MDaemon Email Server</a>.</li>
<li><a href="Google" title="Google">Google</a> in paid <a href="Google_Apps_for_Work" class="mw-redirect" title="Google Apps for Work">Google Apps for Work</a> subscriptions from 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<p>In addition to support on <a href="Windows_Phone" title="Windows Phone">Windows Phone</a>, EAS client support is included on:
</p>
<ul><li><a href="Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><a href="IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><a href="BlackBerry_10" title="BlackBerry 10">BlackBerry 10</a> smartphones and the <a href="BlackBerry_PlayBook" title="BlackBerry PlayBook">BlackBerry PlayBook</a> tablet computer.</li></ul>
<p>Beyond <a href="On_premises" class="mw-redirect" title="On premises">on premises</a> installations of Exchange, the various personal and enterprise hosted services from Microsoft also utilize EAS, including <a href="Outlook.com" title="Outlook.com">Outlook.com</a> and <a href="Office_365" class="mw-redirect" title="Office 365">Office 365</a>. The built-in email application for <a href="Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a> desktop, <i>Mail app</i>, also supports the protocol.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Apart from the above, EAS client support is <i>not</i> included on:
</p>
<ul><li><a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, in the native Apple <a href="Mail_(Apple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mail (Apple)">Mail</a> app.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1.0">1.0</h3></div>
<p>The first version of EAS (called AirSync at the time) was a part of Mobile Information Server (MIS) 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This version of EAS communicated over Web-based Distributed Authoring and Versioning (<a href="WebDAV" title="WebDAV">WebDAV</a>) to Exchange 2000 servers syncing Email, contacts, and calendar and allowed users to select a folder list to sync but this was only for email folders (not contacts or calendars). This initial version of EAS has the user's device “pull” data down rather than have the server “push” new information as soon as it was available.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2.0">2.0</h3></div>
<p>EAS 2.0 shipped in <a href="Exchange_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="Exchange Server">Exchange Server</a> 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This version of the protocol was developed by the Microsoft Windows Mobile team and was delivered as a binary drop (massync.dll) to the Exchange Server team. EAS used WebDAV to connect to a user's mailbox and added the ability to sync non-default calendar and contacts folders. Always Up To Date (AUTD)<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was implemented as a way to let a device know if there was new information for it and Short Message Service (<a href="SMS" title="SMS">SMS</a>) was the technology used to deliver this information to the device. Because of the use of SMS as a notification, the configuration of an SMS gateway was required and each account needed to be configured with a user's mobile phone number.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2.1">2.1</h3></div>
<p>In Exchange Server 2003 SP1 ghosting support was added to EAS 2.1. Ghosting tells server what they can sync and then all is sent down but when changes are sent up, only specified fields are changed (others are not deleted). The EAS protocol also moved from a Globally Unique Identifier (<a href="GUID" class="mw-redirect" title="GUID">GUID</a>) to 1:X short IDs for all items which reduced the amount of data sent across the wireless network.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2.5">2.5</h3></div>
<p>EAS 2.5 (Part of Exchange Server 2003 SP2) was the first version of EAS to be written by the Exchange Server team. This version also introduced Direct Push, a real-time push e-mail solution which allows the server to say "I have a new item for you" and then tells the client device to do a sync. (This was called a "Ping Sync"). <a href="Global_Address_List" title="Global Address List">Global Address List</a> (GAL) search was added to enable people to look up other co-workers in their company directory to find their email address. The ability to remotely wipe a device was also added so administrators could remove company data from a device that was lost, stolen, or after an employee left the company. Tasks syncing was added as was <a href="S/MIME" title="S/MIME">S/MIME</a> email encryption and the following policies<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were added:
</p>
<ul><li>Minimum password length</li>
<li>Timeout without user input</li>
<li>Require password</li>
<li>Require alphanumeric password</li>
<li>Number of failed attempts</li>
<li>Policy refresh interval</li>
<li>Allow non-provisionable device</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="12.0">12.0</h3></div>
<p>EAS 12.0 came with Exchange Server 2007. EAS 12.0 was a complete re-write of the protocol (in <a href="Managed_code" title="Managed code">managed code</a>) from its previous version. New features included password reset which allowed users to reset a forgotten PIN lock code, message flagging which gave users the ability to mark a message so they could remember to follow up on it when they got back to their computer, Out of Office setting so users could set an “away” message from their phone, SharePoint (and UNC file share) access from links in email (file traffic was proxied though EAS), Empty deleted items to allow people to shrink their mailboxes so they didn't exceed their mailbox size limits, fetch which allowed users to get only parts of a message and then choose later to get the rest of the message (or an attachment) later, device info which allowed users and administrators to see which phones were connected to their accounts, and AutoDiscover which (although strictly speaking isn't part of the EAS protocol) allowed phones to automatically configure the EAS connection with just a user login and password (instead of requiring people to know the computer name of their Exchange Server). The ability to see who was invited to a meeting was also added as well as the ability to search the server for an email that was not synced to the device.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new policies introduced were:
</p>
<ul><li>Allow attachment download</li>
<li>Maximum attachment size</li>
<li>Enable password recovery</li>
<li>Allow simple password</li>
<li>Password expiration (Days)</li>
<li>Enforce password history</li>
<li>Windows file share access</li>
<li>Windows SharePoint access</li>
<li>Encrypt storage card</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="12.1">12.1</h3></div>
<p>EAS 12.1 came in Exchange Server 2007 SP1. This version of the protocol was one of the largest changes since version 2.5 and featured header compression (<a href="Base64" title="Base64">Base64</a> encoding of a binary structure) to decrease the amount of data sent wirelessly, Multiple collections sync (a bundling of all sync requests together instead of the previous way of doing a sync for each folder separately), a hanging sync which allowed the server to keep a communications channel open to the client at all times so battery life and data wouldn't be consumed constantly turning on the radio and querying the server and was a “true push sync” solution (which had far lower message delivery latencies, as opposed to the previous ping based “push to pull” solution), a confirmation of a completed remote wipe, as well as the following 30 new policies:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li>Disable desktop ActiveSync</li>
<li>Disable removable storage</li>
<li>Disable camera</li>
<li>Disable SMS text messaging</li>
<li>Disable Wi-Fi</li>
<li>Disable Bluetooth</li>
<li>Disable IrDA</li>
<li>Allow internet sharing from device</li>
<li>Allow desktop sharing from device</li>
<li>Disable POP3/IMAP4 email</li>
<li>Allow consumer email</li>
<li>Allow web browser</li>
<li>Allow unsigned applications</li>
<li>Allow unsigned CABs</li>
<li>Application allow list</li>
<li>Application block list</li>
<li>Require signed S/MIME messages</li>
<li>Require encrypted S/MIME messages</li>
<li>Require signed S/MIME algorithm</li>
<li>Require encrypted S/MIME algorithm</li>
<li>Allow S/MIME encrypted algorithm negotiation</li>
<li>Allow S/MIME SoftCerts</li>
<li>Device encryption</li>
<li>Minimum number of complex characters</li>
<li>Configure message formats (HTML or plain text)</li>
<li>Include past email items (duration)</li>
<li>Email body truncation size</li>
<li>HTML email body truncation size</li>
<li>Include past calendar items (duration)</li>
<li>Require manual sync when roaming</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="14.0">14.0</h3></div>
<p>EAS 14.0 was introduced as part of Exchange Server 2010. This new version added a new conversation view that put email messages in a view connected by several attributes including a <a href="Message-ID" title="Message-ID">Message-ID</a> and the email subject, notes syncing, the ability to look up the availability (free/busy status) of a contact (from their calendar), a Nickname Cache which shared the names of common used contacts between <a href="Outlook_Web_App" class="mw-redirect" title="Outlook Web App">Outlook Web App</a> (OWA) and EAS, the ability to set a server side rule to always move messages in a conversation, lunar calendar support, syncing of the reply state (which let the device and the server know if any message had been forwarded or replied to from any other source), a new way to identify <a href="Unified_messaging" title="Unified messaging">unified messaging</a> (UM) messages so that voicemail that appeared in a user's inbox could be handled differently, SMS Syncing (which allowed users to see their SMS messages in their email inbox and reply to them from their inbox instead of on their phone), and the following two new policies:
</p>
<ul><li>Allow Mobile OTA Update</li>
<li>Mobile OTA Update Mode</li></ul>
<p>This is also the first version of EAS that identified clients that were using older versions of EAS and alerted them if there was an updated version of the client that would enable newer features.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="14.1">14.1</h3></div>
<p>EAS 14.1 came as part of Exchange Server 2010 SP1. This version of the protocol added <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.technet.com/b/exchange/archive/2010/03/10/3409495.aspx">GAL photos</a> (images stored in an Active Directory server of the user who has sent the email), Message Diffs (a means of sending only the new portion of an email and avoiding redundant information), added device/user information to the provision command so that the new Allow/Block/Quarantine feature could more easily allow administrators to control which devices connected to their organizations, and <a href="Information_rights_management" title="Information rights management">information rights management</a> (IRM) over EAS (a method to apply digital rights management control and encryption to email messages that are sent and received). EAS 14.1 may allow IRM over EAS.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="16.0">16.0</h3></div>
<p>EAS 16.0 was announced in June 2015 and was deployed in Office 365 first, followed by Exchange Server 2016.
</p><p>This new protocol version adds mainly 3 enhancements: Redesigned calendar synchronisation to avoid the most common EAS calendar syncing problems, added calendar attachments and syncing the email drafts folder.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="16.1">16.1</h3></div>
<p>EAS 16.1 was announced in June 2016 and was deployed in Office 365 first, followed by Exchange Server 2016.
</p><p>This version of the protocol contains three major capabilities: improved keyword search, propose new time and account-only remote wipe.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Licensing">Licensing</h2></div>
<p>Beginning in the early 2000s, EAS began to be available for licensing. At the time it was a client only protocol license.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Motorola was the first licensee and began with a license of the 2.1 version of EAS. Various other organizations licensed EAS over time and Microsoft eventually started licensing the server side of EAS in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The protocol licensing continued until 2008.
</p><p>In December 2008 Microsoft shifted its licensing of EAS from that of a protocol license, to licensing the patents of EAS<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and providing full protocol documentation.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because EAS is licensed as a series of patents (and not given as computer code to other companies), different clients and servers implement a subset of the entire features of the protocol and the implementations are written by each company that has obtained a license. Google uses an implementation of EAS for its <a href="G_Suite" class="mw-redirect" title="G Suite">G Suite</a> subscribers. Likewise, IBM and Novell have implemented the technology to allow their competing groupware servers (<a href="Lotus_Domino" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus Domino">Lotus Domino</a> and <a href="Novell_GroupWise" class="mw-redirect" title="Novell GroupWise">Novell GroupWise</a>) to support smartphones and other devices, through <a href="IBM_Notes_Traveler" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM Notes Traveler">IBM Notes Traveler</a> and Novell Data Synchronizer Mobility Pack, respectively.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Logo_program">Logo program</h3></div>
<p>In April 2011, Microsoft launched the EAS logo program,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which tests third-party EAS clients in mobile email devices. Handset manufacturers that have licensed the EAS protocol from Microsoft are eligible to join the program. In order to be compliant, EAS clients must employ EAS v14.0 or later and enable the following features and management policies:
</p>
<ul><li>Direct Push email, contacts and calendar</li>
<li>Accept, decline and tentative accept meetings</li>
<li>Rich formatted email (HTML)</li>
<li>Reply/forward state on email</li>
<li>GAL lookup</li>
<li>Autodiscover</li>
<li>Allow-Block-Quarantine strings for device type and device model</li>
<li>Remote wipe</li>
<li>Password required</li>
<li>Minimum password length</li>
<li>Timeout without user input</li>
<li>Number of failed attempts</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="MAPI#MAPI/RPC_protocol_details" title="MAPI">MAPI/RPC</a></li>
<li><a href="SyncML" title="SyncML">SyncML</a></li>
<li><a href="Push-IMAP" title="Push-IMAP">Push-IMAP</a></li>
<li><a href="CalDAV" title="CalDAV">CalDAV</a></li>
<li><a href="CardDAV" title="CardDAV">CardDAV</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>
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<ol><li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/bb288524.aspx">"Exchange ActiveSync: Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. <i>Microsoft Exchange Server TechCenter</i>. Microsoft Corporation. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-11-23</span></span>.</cite></li>
<li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa998357.aspx">"Exchange ActiveSync"</a>. <i><a href="Microsoft_TechNet" title="Microsoft TechNet">Microsoft TechNet</a></i>. Microsoft. 5 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite></li>
<li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/exchange/en-us/mobile-email-with-exchange-activesync.aspx">"Mobile Email with Exchange ActiveSync"</a>. <i>Microsoft Exchange portal</i>. Microsoft<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite></li>
<li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/1151.exchange-activesync-overview.aspx">"Exchange ActiveSync Overview"</a>. <i>TechNet Wiki</i>. Microsoft<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite></li>
<li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/exchange-activesync-client-comparison-table.aspx">"Exchange ActiveSync Client Comparison Table"</a>. <i>TechNet Wiki</i>. Microsoft<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite></li>
<li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.msdn.com/b/webdav_101/archive/2011/09/29/new-to-exchange-activesync-development.aspx">"New to Exchange ActiveSync Development?"</a>. <i>MSDN Blog</i>. Microsoft<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite></li>
<li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc425499(EXCHG.80).aspx">"Exchange Server Protocol Documents"</a>. <i>MSDN Documentation</i>. Microsoft<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite></li>
<li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/exchange/hh285606(v=exchg.140).aspx">"Exchange Server Interoperability Guidance"</a>. <i>Exchange Server - Dev Center</i>. Microsoft<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite></li></ol>
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